In our last edition we tried to focus on DMAIC model of
working & implementation in different stages of a six sigma process. Now
let us try to focus & explore what different tools can be used to perform a
task.
The Six Sigma Certified Green Belts & Black Belts use
a variety of tools to drive DMAIC model, which are categorized into Process Optimization Tools & Statistical
Analysis Tools.
Here
we would talk about a few important tools: - Quality Function Deployment (QFD): QFD is used for customer requirements. In the Deployment part the quality engineers used to be deployed to customer locations to understand customer's needs. Today same process is not taking in terms of physically deployment of engineers but the idea still prevails. QFD identifies customer requirements and rates them on a numerical scale, with higher numbers showing (Must-Haves) and lower numbers to (nice-to-haves).
- Fishbone Diagrams: In a Six Sigma process, all outcomes are the result of specific inputs. This cause-and-effect relationship can be shown using either a fishbone diagram or a cause-and-effect matrix. The fishbone diagram helps to identify which input variables should be studied further. The finished diagram looks like a fish skeleton, which is how it earned its name. To create a fishbone diagram, you start with the problem of interest - The head of the fish. Then you draw in the spine and, coming off the spine, Six bones on which to list input variables that affect the problem. Each bone is drawn showing a specific category of input. After listing, a team of experts analyzes the diagram and identifies two or three input variables which could be the source of the problem.
- Cause & Effect (C&E) Matrix: The C&E matrix is an extension of the fishbone diagram. It helps to explore and show possible causes related to a problem and look for the root cause. The C&E Matrix is typically used in the Measure phase of the DMAIC model.
- Failure Modes & Effects Analysis (FMEA): FMEA identifies ways a new product, process or service might fail. It’s not worried just about issues with the Six Sigma project itself, but with other activities and processes that are related to the project. It's similar to the QFD in how it is set up.
- T-Test: We need to be able to establish a confidence level about our measurements. A larger sample size is desirable when running any test, but sometimes it's not possible. The T-Test helps to validate a test result using sample sizes that range from 2 to 30 data points.
- Control Charts: Statistical Process Control (SPC) relies on statistical techniques to monitor and control the variation in processes. The control chart is the primary tool of SPC. Six Sigma teams use control charts to plot the performance of a process on one axis versus time on the other axis. Control charts are used to monitor variation in a process and determine if the variation falls within normal limits.
- Design of Experiments: When a process is optimized, all inputs are set to deliver the best and most stable output. The trick is to determine what those input settings should be. A Design Of Experiments (DOE) can help identify the optimum input settings. Performing a DOE can be time-consuming process, but the results can be overwhelming.For more information about Six Sigma, take a look at the links below mentioned or contact us
For more information about Six Sigma, take a look at the
links below mentioned or contact us
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